Keratoses

Keratoses refer to non-cancerous growths on the skin caused by an overgrowth of keratin, a key structural protein in the skin, hair, and nails. They generally appear as rough, scaly patches and can vary in color from light tan to black. Keratoses primarily affect older adults and are often found on areas of the body that receive high sun exposure, such as the face, arms, and back.

There are two main types of keratoses: actinic keratoses and seborrheic keratoses.

Actinic Keratoses (AKs): These are caused by long-term exposure to sunlight and are considered precancerous. They are small, rough, raised areas that are often more easily felt than seen. Actinic keratoses can sometimes progress to squamous cell carcinoma, a type of skin cancer. Therefore, they should be monitored and potentially treated by a healthcare professional. Treatments include cryotherapy (freezing), topical medications, chemical peels, and laser therapy.

Seborrheic Keratoses (SKs): These are common, benign, skin growths that can appear waxy, wart-like, or “stuck on” the skin. They vary in color and size and are usually not a cause for concern unless they become irritated, itchy, or unsightly. Seborrheic keratoses are not related to sun exposure and are not considered precancerous. Treatment is not necessary unless the lesions cause discomfort or cosmetic concerns, in which case they can be removed through cryotherapy, electrosurgery, or curettage.

Preventative measures, especially for actinic keratoses, include minimizing sun exposure and using sunscreen to protect the skin. Regular skin examinations by a dermatologist are important for those with a history of sun exposure or a high number of moles or keratoses, as early detection and treatment of any suspicious lesions can prevent potential progression to skin cancer.